Second language learning processes in lower primary children

Tytuł Second Language Learning Processes in Lower Primary Children Podtytuł Vocabulary Acquisition Autor Magdalena Szpotowicz Język angielski Wydawnictwo Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego ISBN 978-83-235-1604-0 Rok wydania 2007 Warszawa Wydanie 1 liczba stron 240 Format pdf Spis treści List of Tables 9 List of Figures 11 Acknowledgements 13 Introduction 14 PART ONE: COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL AND LINGUISTIC DEVELOPMENT 17 Chapter 1: Human learning 19 1 Approaches to learning 19 2 The role of intelligence in learning processes 21 2.1 Defining intelligence 21 2.2 Intelligence testing 22 2.3 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 23 3 The role of memory in learning processes 26 3.1 Sensory, short-term and long-term memory 27 3.2 Memory strategies 28 3.3 Study strategies 29 3.4 Metamemory 30 3.5 Recall and recognition 30 3.6 Pictorial and verbal encoding: single versus dual memory models 31 4 Cognitive styles and learning styles 32 5 The role of perception in learning processes 38 Chapter 2: Child development and learning processes in children 41 1 Historical foundations 42 2 Theories of child development 46 2.1 Piaget’s cognitive-developmental psychology 46 2.2 Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory 48 2.3 Information processing 49 2.4 Bruner’s theory 50 2.5 Feuerstein’s theory 51 2.6 Ecological systems theory 52 3 Child development and the educational system 53 3.1 Early school years 53 3.2 Gesell’s age group characteristics 54 3.3 Cognitive development – the period of concrete operations 56 3.4 Play as development 56 Chapter 3: First language acquisition 59 1 The history of child language studies 59 2 First language learning theories 62 3 Acquisition of phonology 65 4 The mental lexicon 66 5 Acquisition of the lexicon 68 6 Acquisition of syntax 72 Chapter 4: Second and foreign language acquisition 74 1 Theories of second language acquisition 74 1.1 Krashen’s Monitor Model 76 1.2 Interlanguage theory 79 1.3 Linguistic universals 80 1.4 Cognitive theory 82 2 Factors influencing second language acquisition 83 2.1 Motivation 83 2.2 Aptitude and intelligence 85 2.3 The age factor 87 3 The comparison of first and second language learning 92 Chapter 5: Vocabulary in second and foreign language acquisition 96 1 Vocabulary processing – the bilingual lexicon 98 2 Aspects of knowing a word 98 3 Word difficulty 101 4 The role of memory in vocabulary acquisition 102 5 Vocabulary learning strategies 103 6 Teaching second language vocabulary 106 6.1 Enhancing comprehension 107 6.2 Enhancing production 108 7 Assessing vocabulary knowledge 110 8 Children’s vocabulary learning and teaching 112 PART TWO: RESEARCH ON VOCABULARY RECOGNITION AND RECALL IN CHILDREN AGED 7–8 117 Chapter 6: Methodology of research on language learning and teaching 119 1 An overview 119 1.1 Defining research 119 1.2 Research traditions 120 2 Research methods 125 2.1 Case studies 126 2.2 Triangulation 127 2.3 Quasi-experimental methods 128 3 Ethical problems in educational research 129 4 Methods used in research projects in the primary context 131 Chapter 7: Research design 133 1 Research aims 133 2 Research variables and research questions 133 3 Research design and organization 134 4 Sample 135 5 Research instruments 136 Chapter 8: A qualitative research project on vocabulary recognition and recall in children aged 7–8 138 1 Research subjects 138 1.1 Syllabus 139 1.2 Additional teaching materials 140 1.3 Learning progress 141 2 Methods, Procedures and Materials 143 2.1 Method 143 2.2 Procedure 144 2.3 Materials 146 3 Research instruments 146 4 Case studies 148 4.1 Case study A 150 4.2 Case study B 155 4.3 Case study C 159 4.4 Case study D 164 4.5 Case study E 168 4.6 Case study F 171 4.7 Case study G 175 4.8 Case study H 179 5 Factors influencing subjects’ lexical attainment 182 5.1 Linguistic factors 184 5.2 Psychological factors 198 5.3 Conclusions from the qualitative research project for the quantitative research Project 200 Chapter 9: A quantitative research project on vocabulary recognition and recall in children aged 7–8 202 1 Introduction 202 2 Research sample 202 3 Research method 203 4 Research instruments 204 5 Quantitative results in the researcher’s perspective 204 5.1 Research question number 1 204 5.2 Research question number 2 206 5.3 Research question number 3 208 6 Correlation analysis of lexical test results and factors observed żeby the teacher 210 7 Teacher variable 212 8 Discussion 214 Conclusions and implications for teaching English to young learners 216 Bibliography 220 Subject index 234 Selected author’s index 238