Introduction / 7
Part one: Cultural background of the family crisis
Chapter 1: Crisis of the Judeo‑Christian foundations of family life / 13
1.1. Transformations of family life / 13
1.2. Drop in fertility (weakening reproductive motivation) / 20
1.3. The invasion of the civilisation of Islam / 24
1.4. Gender discourses / 26
Chapter 2: Labour market and a redefinition of social roles in marriage / 32
Chapter 3: Marital bond – evolution and the break‑off from the viewpoint of family life / 45
3.1. The history of the institution of marriage and family / 45
3.2. Single‑parent family / 58
Part two: Family life as a risk/protective factor of criminal activity
Chapter 4: Family life and desistance from crime / 65
Chapter 5: Family life and peer groups as an indicator of a criminal activity / 73
Chapter 6: Correctional facilities, an attempt to compensate for the influence of dysfunctional
Families / 79
Chapter 7: Family‑based prevention / 85
Chapter 8: Weak males / 89
8.1. Manhood in crisis / 89
8.2. "The death of the father" in biographies of juvenile offenders / 93
8.3. Criminal activity of fathers in the biographies of juvenile offenders / 100
Chap ter 9: Parental attitudes and crime / 111
Part Three: Crime as a subject of scientific analyses
Chapter 10: Crime and its treatment from Polish and international perspective / 123
Chapter 11: Polish literature on criminology / 133
Chapter 12: Contemporary trends in restorative justice and diversion programmes in the
United States, Germany, England, and Poland / 161
Chapter 13: Selected measures adjudiscated in the proceedings of juvenile delinquency in
Germany and Poland / 178
Appendix / 187
Bibliography / 193
Streszczenie / 205
Zusammenfassung / 206