Introduction | str. 13
PART I
Changes in court management and the position of a judge in the Polish legal system | str. 15
Krystian Markiewicz
The battle for free courts in Poland in the years 2015–2018 | str. 17
Dobrosława Szumiło-Kulczycka
The organisation and management of courts in Poland | str. 61
Katarzyna Gajda-Roszczynialska
Judicial independence as part of the “court of law” concept versus the Law on the organisation of common courts amended in 2015–2018 | str. 83
Radosław Flejszar, Grzegorz Borkowski
Status of a judge and guarantees of exercising judicial power in Poland | str. 116
Andrzej Torbus
Mediation in civil matters and the access to justice | str. 136
PART II
Court management and the position of a judge from the international perspective | str. 149
Duro Sessa
Standards of judicial profession | str. 151
Nuria Díaz Abad
Judgeship and the ENCJ standards | str. 157
Noel Rubotham
Judicial independence and the funding, structure and management of the courts – a CEPEJ perspective | str. 164
Gualtiero Michelini
Standards of professional associations of judges and prosecutors in safeguarding judicial independence | str. 182
Chile Eboe-Osuji
The right to an independent judiciary | str. 189
John McClellan Marshall
The Constitution and independent judiciary in the USA | str. 207
Stephen P. Anthony
Institutional safeguards of judicial independence: a practicing lawyer’s perspective | str. 215
Christoph Flügge
Judgeship and the guarantees of exercising judicial power in Germany | str. 224
Artur Dionísio Oliveira
Judgeship and the guarantees of executing justice in Portugal | str. 229
Iryna Izarova
Independent judiciary: experience of current reforms in Ukraine as regards appointment of judges | str. 242
Vittorio Fanchiotti
Court structure and management in Italy | str. 264
Henrik Engell Rhod
The courts of Denmark and the administration of courts – an overview | str. 283
Aleksandra Karpińska
Justice of peace courts in Spain – a lesson to be learned | str. 301
Concluding remarks | str. 319
About the Authors | str. 325